![]() ![]() Consequently, investments in the development of advanced wastewater treatment strategies that promote the removal of ARB and ARGs from municipal wastewater (MWW) prior to discharge have increased. The WHO prioritized ARB on their list of ‘global priority pathogens’ which pose the greatest threat to human health, such as some bacterial species and their accompanying resistome (collection of ARGs carried by these species) (e.g., carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, etc.) ( WHO, 2017 Starling et al., 2021b). Hence, many countries adopt this perspective by tackling the spread of ARB promoted by MWWTPE discharge ( Collignon and McEwen, 2019). In order to monitor the threat, it is necessary to take a “One Health” approach involving coherent and concerted multisectoral (human, animal, and environmental) actions to counter AMR at various levels. The World Health Organization (WHO) highlights that the surveillance of critical hotspots of AMR (i.e., MWWTP) is essential. Therefore, reducing AMR in MWWTP remains a critical challenge ( Fiorentino et al., 2019 Vikesland et al., 2019). These factors favor ARG transfer to non-resistant strains resulting in ARB enrichment in the discharged effluent ( Murray et al., 2018 Stanton et al., 2020). The collection of ARGs present in MWWTPE (resistome) is influenced by the high density and rate of interaction between microbial communities aligned to subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics in biological reactors. Treatment processes applied in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants (MWWTP) play a key role on the spread of ARB and ARGs to the environment. These results indicate the potential of using solar-enhanced photo-Fenton to limit the spread of antimicrobial resistance, especially in developing tropical countries.Īntimicrobial resistance (AMR) challenges the treatability of infectious diseases as it decreases the performance of antibiotics used to treat infected patients. Solar photo-Fenton removed nearly 60% of ARGs associated with sulfonamides, macrolides, and tetracyclines, and complete removal of ARGs related to β-lactams and fluoroquinolones. Substantial reduction of intrinsically multi-drug resistant bacteria was detected. Solar photo-Fenton achieved complete removal of high priority Staphylococcus and Enterococcus, as well as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hence, tolerance mechanisms presented by this group should be further assessed. An increase in Proteobacteria abundance was observed after solar photo-Fenton and controls in which H 2O 2 was present as an oxidant (Fenton, H 2O 2 only, solar/H 2O 2). Solar photo-Fenton (30 mg L −1 of Fe 2+ intermittent additions and 50 mg L −1 of H 2O 2) reached 76–86% removal of main phyla present in MWWTPE. Treatment efficiency upon priority pathogens and resistome profile were also investigated. This is the first study to investigate the effect of solar photo-Fenton upon ARB and ARGs in MWWTPE by high throughput metagenomic analysis (16S rDNA sequencing and Whole Genome Sequencing). However, most of these studies have relied solely on cultivable methods to assess ARB removal. ![]() ![]() ![]() Solar photo-Fenton has been proven effective in combating ARB and ARGs from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant effluent (MWWTPE). The effectiveness of advanced technologies on eliminating antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and resistance genes (ARGs) from wastewaters have been recently investigated. ![]()
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